HUSSAIN
'STroubleshooting:
1. Error: Disk Boot failure. Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart.
Step1:
Trun off the PC & open the case i.e. Cabinet.
Step2:
Check the IDE/SATA Cable connect on the hard disk.
Step3:
Change the IDE/SATA cable.
Step4:
Check the Jumper setting.
Step5:
Replace the hard disk.
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Hard disk:
Hard disk is a storage device used in the computer for storing user data.
In hard disk, data's are stored in the form of magnetic particles.
Parts of the Hard disk:
1. Platters.
2. Spindle Motor.
3. Arm Actuator.
4. Read/Write Head.
5. Internal Data Cable.
6. Internal Circuit.
Types of Hard Disk:
1. PATA (Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment).
2. SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment).
3. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
Note: SCSI is also known as Scuzzy Hard disk.
PATA:
1. Platters rotation is 7200 rpm.
2. Data's are read & write in the parallal form.
3. 39 Pins IDE cable's are used to connect with the motherboard.
4. Jumper settings are used to identify the device.
5. 4 pins power connector.
SATA:
1. Platters rotation is 15000 rpm.
2. Data's are read & write in the serial form.
3. Flat cable connector's are used to connect with the motherboard.
4. No jumper settings are used.
5. Flat power connectors are used.
SCSI:
1. Platter rotation is 25000 rpm.
2. Data's are read & write in the serial form.
3. SCSI adapter cable are used to connect with the motherboard.
4. Basically used on the server side, not in home/office computers.
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Red hat Linux Installation:
1. Linux is an open source operating system which we can download as free of cost.
2. Redhat linux is a Redhat's property, means they modified the original Linux Kernal & then lunched in the market in the name of their own brand.
3. Linux is the modified version of earlier Unix.
Note:
1. Don't install Linux first, if u want to keep Microsoft & linux Operating system in your computer.
2. Install Microsoft OS first & keep some unpartition space for Linux.
3. If you want to uninstall Linux, then insert Microsoft OS CD, which is released after Linux.
Example: If u hv Redhat Linux AS 4.0 install in your computer, then insert & boot from MS 2003 Server/Vista/Seven.
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Installation of Windows XP Professional Service Pack 2:
1. Insert the Win XP CD & restart the system.
2. Enter the BIOS setup & check the Hard disk & CD/DVD ROM is detected or not.
3. On the BIOS setup, Set bootable device priority.
1st Boot Device: CD/DVD ROM.
2nd Boot Device: Hard Disk.
4. After the setup, "Save & Exit" from BIOS setup or else U can press "F10" key for "Save & Exit".
5. After that, System will Prompt u as -
Boot from CD:
Press Any Key to Boot From CD....
When it is appear on the monitor, Immediately press any key so that computer will start booting process from CD.
6. Next Prompt:
Enter = Continue, R = Repair, F3= Quit.
Press "ENTER" to continue the installation process.
7. Next Prompt:
F8= I Agree, Esc= I don't Agree.
Press "F8" to agree on the license aggrement.
8. If the Hard disk is a raw hard disk, then it will prompt u as:
Unpartition space - 160000MB.
If Windows XP operating system is already installed & working properly, then it wil prompt u as:
c:\ WINDOWS "Microsoft Windows XP Professional"
If u want to see rest of the drivers, press "Esc".
9. Create partition on a Raw Hard disk:
Select the unpartitioned space & press "C" to create the partition.
Using back space, delete the default values & defines the ur own customize values & Press "Enter" to create the partition.
10. Again select the "Unpartition space" & Press "C" to create the new partition.
Using back space, delete the default values & defines the ur own customize values & Press "Enter" to create the
partition.
11. Select the primary partition & Press "ENTER" to install.
12. Next, System will prompt you to format the partition using one the files system.
NTFS (Quick)
FAT (Quick).
NTFS (New Technology File System)
FAT (File Allocation Table).
Select NTFS file system & press "Enter" to continue.
13. After that system will format the drive & Copy the installation files & restart the PC.
14. During restart, Again it will prompt you to "Press Any Key to Boot From CD"...
DON"T PRESS ANY KEY AT THAT TIME.
Note: During Win XP Pro instllation process, System will restart two times.
15. After restart, Graphical installation will start & prompt you 39 minutes remaining.
16. Press "NEXT" for the regional & language settings"
17. Write "Name" & "Organization"
18. Write "25 character Product Key" which is written on the CD cover.
19. Set "Time Zone" Where for India , it is
GMT+5:30: Delhi, Calcatta, Chennai, Mumbai.
20. take Tipical Setting
21. Click on WORKGROUP (press Next)
22.Give any User Name (Ex: ZUBAIR)
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Operating System:
Operating system is a mediator between user & computer. Operating system are capable of converting human understandable language to machine understandable language & vice versa.
Example of operating system are -
Microsoft Windows Operating system (Win 98, Win 2000, Win XP, Win 2003, Win Vista, Win 7), Linux, Unix, Sun Solaries, Netware.
Operating system are of two types -
1. Client Operating System.
2. Server Operating System.
Client Operating System:
Client operating are those operating system which places request for services from server.
Example: Win 95, Win 98, Win 98SE, Win 2000 Professional, Win 2003 Professional, Win XP, Win Vista, Win Longhorn, Win Seven).
Server Operating System:
Server opearating system are those operating which provide services to the client.
Example: NT 3.0, NT 3.1, NT 3.2, NT 3.5, NT 4.0, Win 2000 Server, Win 2003 Server, Win 2008 Server, Linux, Unix, Sun Solaries, Nevell Netware.
Types of Operating System Based on functionality:
1. Single User Single Task.
2. Single User Multi Task.
3. Multi User Multi Task.
Single User Single Task:
a) In this type of operating system we can't create any user.
b) We can perform only one task at a time.
Example: DOS (Disk Operating System).
Single User Multi Task:
a) In this type of operating system, we can't create any user.
b) We can perform multiple (More than one) tasks at a time.
Example: Win 95, Win 98, Win 98 SE.
Multi User Multi Task:
a) In this type of operating system, we can create any number of user.
b) We can perform multiple (More than one) tasks at a time.
Example: Win 2000 Professional, Win XP, Win 2003 Server etc.
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CPU [Central Processing Unit] Components
1. Processer and Fan
2. Motherboard
3. RAM [Random Access Memory]
4. ROM [Read Only Memory]
5. BIOS [Basic Input Output Setup]
6. HardDisk Drive [HDD]
7. Floppy Disk Drive [FDD]
8. Digital Video Disk [DVD] & Compaq Disk (CD)
9. Blu Ray Disk (BRD)
10. IDE/ATA [Integrated Drive Electronic]/[Advanced Technology Attachment] or BUS Cables
11. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnector]
12. AGP [Accelerator Graphic Port]
13. CNR [Communication Network Raiser]
14. VGA [Video Graphic Adaptar]
15. Back Panel
16. Front Panel
17. North Bridge
18. South Bridge
19. SMPS [Switch Mode Power Supply]
20. SATA Ports [Serial Advanced Technology Attachment]
21. LAN [Local Area Network ]/ NIC [Network Interface Card]/ Ethernet Card
22. CMOS [Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor] Battery
23. Cache Memory [L1 and L2]
24. USB [Universal Serial Bus]
25. Serial Ports
26. Parellel Ports
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STRUCTURE CABLING :
There are Three (3) types of Cabling
1. Straight Cable
2. Cross Cable
3. Rollover Cable
1. Straight Cable is use to connect unlike devices.
[Ex: Computer to Switch, Hub to Switch, Hub to Computer]
Coding of Straight Cable
A B
1. White Orange 1. White Orange
2. Orange 2. Orange
3. White Green 3. White Green
4. Blue 4. Blue
5. White Blue 5. White Blue
6. Green 6. Green
7. White Brown 7. White Brown
8. Brown 8. Brown
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2. Cross Cable is use to connect like (same) devices.
[Ex: Computer to Computer, Hub to Hub, Switch to Switch]
Coding of Cross Cable
A B
1. White Orange 1. White Green
2. Orange 2. Green
3. White Green 3. White Orange
4. Blue 4. Blue
5. White Blue 5. White Blue
6. Green 6. Orange
7. White Brown 7. White Brown
8. Brown 8. Brown
[Note*: 1 = 3 and 2 = 6 | White Orange = White Green and Orange = Green]
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3. Rollover Cable is use to connect Router device.
[Ex: Computer to Router]
Coding of Rollover Cable
A B
1. White Orange 1. Brown
2. Orange 2. White Brown
3. White Green 3. Green
4. Blue 4. White Blue
5. White Blue 5. Blue
6. Green 6. White Green
7. White Brown 7. Orange
8. Brown 8. White Orange
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•Computer Viruses
•Virus : A true virus is capable of self replication on a machine. It may spread between files or disks, but the defining character is that it can recreate itself on it’s own with out traveling to a new host
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