KZH

Tuesday, October 9, 2012

Hardware Interview Questions and Answers (A+)

 


1. What are the basic expansion card types?

A. The basic expansion card types in A+ Hardware certification are ISA and PCI, ISA these can be used only on XT, AT and ATX boards. The industry now considers ISA obsolete.

2. How to clear Computer Motherboard CMOS password?

A. To clear Computer Motherboard CMOS password we will do these steps. Since CMOS is a special chip with its own battery, the best way to clear out a CMOS chip is to disconnect it from its power supply.

3. Where does the Real mode on the CPU come from?

A. The original 8086, which only had 1 MB of memory. This megabyte is split into low memory for IRQ tables, application memory and high memory.

4. Where does CPU Enhanced mode originate from?

A. Intel’s 80386 was the first 32-bit processor, and since the company had to backward-support the 8086. All the modern Intel-based processors run in the Enhanced mode, capable of switching between Real mode (just like the real 8086) and Protected mode, which is the current mode of operation.

5. Name the processor lines of two major manufacturers?

A. High-end: Intel - Pentium (II, III, 4), AMD - Athlon.
Low-end: Intel - Celeron, AMD - Duron. 64-bit: Intel - Itanium 2, AMD - Opteron.

6. What’s the difference between L1 and L2 cache?

A. Level 1 cache is internal to the chip, L2 is external.

7. What’s the speed and device maximum specs for Firewire?

A. IEEE 1394 (Firewire) supports the maximum of 63 connected devices with speeds up to 400 Mbps.

8. Where’s MBR located on the disk?

A. Main Boot Record is located in sector 0, track 0, head 0, cylinder 0 of the primary active partition.

9. What’s the maximum hard drive size for FAT16-based Windows system?

A. Maximum hard drive size for FAT16-based Windows system is 2 GB.

10. How many logical drives is it possible to fit onto a physical disk?

A. Maximum of 24 logical drives. The extended partition can only have 23 logical drives.

Windows File System

NTFS : New Technology File System
FAT (16, 32, 64): File Allocation Table

Comparing to FAT, NTFS has more security &good

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS 7 STEP BY STEP.

HEY..

               IF U WANNA TO INSTALL WINDOWS 7 FOLLOW THE STEP BELOW..........

1) U NEED TO CHECK WHAT TYPE OF UR COMPUTER'S PROCESSOR FOR THAT...........

GO TO START -->> THAN RIGHT CLICK ON MY COMPUTER -->> THAN PROPERTIES...
THERE IF U SEE 64 BITS THAT MEANS UR PROSESER IS OF 64 BITS AND IF DON'T SEE 64 BITS IT MEANS UR PROSESER IS OF 32 BITS.............OK NOW FOLLOW THE PROCEDURE.....NOTE UR PROSESER TYPE...
2] INSERT UR WINDOWS 7 DISK IN CD-ROM..
3] REBOOT UR COMPUTER....
4] AS UR MONITOR SHOW U ""NO SIGNAL"" KEEP PRESSING DELETE KEY ON UR KEYBOARD ......
5] AFTER PRESSING DELETE KEY U WILL SEE ""BIOS FEATURE"" ..
6] OPEN "BIOS FEATURE" AND SEE "FIRST BOOT FROM" IT IS FROM HARD DISK .. MAKE IT FROM "CD ROM"
7]AFTER U HAVE DONE EVERY THING PRESS "F10"-->THAN "Y"--> THAN "ENTER"
8] WAIT FOR SOMETIME .....
9] SETUP WILL BOOT FROM CD...
10] AFTER SOMETIME U WILL BE ASK FOR "LANGUAGE" AND MORE  ELSE .......
11] PRESS NEXT...
12] PRESS "INSTALL" NOW .....
13] THAN SELECT "COSTUME" THAN U WILL BE ASK FOR WHICH TYPE OF PROSESER U WOULD LIKE TO INSTALL.....
14] SO BE CAREFULL IF U HAVE "32BIT" PROSESER....U NEED TO SELECT "x86" AND IF U HAVE "64BIT" U NEED TO SELECT "x64".....
15] AFTER THAT U WILL BE ASK FOR WHERE U WANNA TO INSTALL WINDOWS 7 ..........SELECT UR DRIVE WERE U WANT TO INSTALL............
16] SELECT UR DRIVE AND PRESS "NEXT" OR "INSTALL" WHAT WILL BE THERE ......
17] UR INSTALLATION WILL START ......
18] AFTER UR INSTALLATION WILL COMPLETE ....
19]U NEED TO FINALIZE UR INSTALLATION...
20] FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT "HOW TO FINALIZE INSTALLATION"
MAIL ME ON
khajazubairhussain@gmail.com........
thank u ...................


                               now u can see   how to install windows 7 ultimate in our system via seeing this pic  
                             1,
                         

CCNA Creating WAN (Wide Area Network)

KZH
                                      


Configuring Router0 (RO)
Double Click Router
Switch Off
Add WIC-1T Port (Serial Port)
Click and Drag it on Router
Switch On

Configuring Router1 (R1)
Double Click Router
Switch Off
Add WIC-1T Port (Serial Port)
Click and Drag it on Router
Switch On

Serial Cable has two types

1. DCE (Data Communication Equipment) is for modem.
2. DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) is for router.

Assign IP Address for all Client Computers

PC1
Select PC1
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 10.0.0.2
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 10.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC2
Select PC2
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 10.0.0.3
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 10.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC3
Select PC3
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 10.0.0.4
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 10.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC4
Select PC4
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 20.0.0.2
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 20.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC5
Select PC5
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 20.0.0.3
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 20.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC6
Select PC6
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 20.0.0.4
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 20.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC7
Select PC7
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 30.0.0.2
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 30.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC8
Select PC8
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 30.0.0.3
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 30.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC9
Select PC9
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 30.0.0.4
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 30.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC10
Select PC10
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 40.0.0.2
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 40.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC11
Select PC11
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 40.0.0.3
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 40.0.0.1
DNS: NIL

PC12
Select PC12
Double Click
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on IP Configuration
IP: 40.0.0.4
Subnet Mask (SM): 255.0.0.0
Default Gateway (DG): 40.0.0.1
DNS: NIL


Configuring Router (R0) from Consol System (PC0)
Click on PC0
Click on Tab Desktop
Click on Terminal
Last Option Flow Control = XOn/XOff
OK
Auto Configuration Yes/No: NO
Router>enable or en
Router#configure terminal or conf t
Router(config)#hostname R0
RO(config)#int fa0/0
RO(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
RO(config-if)#no shut
RO(config-if)#exit
RO(config)#int fa0/1
RO(config-if)#ip add 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
RO(config-if)#no shut
RO(config-if)#exit
RO(config)#exit
R0#

Now configure serial cable
How to know DTE & DCE
R0#sh controllers S0/0
DCE v.35, no clock
RO#conf t
RO(config)#int S0/0
RO(config-if)#ip add 1.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
RO(config-if)#clock rate 6400
{Note: Clock rate for the communication port only for DCE cable}
RO(config-if)#no shut
RO(config-if)#exit
RO(config)#exit
RO#wr {Save the configuration in NVRAM}


Configuring Router1.

Router>enable or en
Router#configure terminal or conf t
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#int fa0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int fa0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 40.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#sh controllers S0/0
DTE v.35, no clock
R1#conf t
R1(config)#int S0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#wr {Save the configuration in NVRAM}

Friday, November 4, 2011

IP Addressing

An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for a node or host connection on an IP network. An IP address is a 32 bit binary number usually represented as 4 decimal values, each representing 8 bits, in the range 0 to 255 (known as octets) separated by decimal points. This is known as "dotted decimal" notation.

Address Classes
There are 5 different address classes. You can determine which class any IP address is in by examining the first 4 bits of the IP address.

Class A 0.0.0.0 to 126.255.255
Class B 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255
Class C 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255
Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255
Class E 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255

[Note: 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 is reserved for loop back id
0.0.0.0 is know as Global IP
255.255.255.255 is known as Broadcast IP]

[Note: Class D and E is used for Research and Development & Multicasting]

DOS (Disk Operating System) Commands

DOS (Disk Operating System) Commands
DOS (Disk Operating System)
It is an CUI (Character User Interface) based O/S.

Navigation:-

Start --> Programs -->Accessories --> Command Prompt

(OR)

Start --> Run --> CMD

1. How to create a file?
A. Syntax: copy con
Example: copy con zubar
Ctrl + z = Save (and Enter)

2. To list all file and directory?
A. Syntax: dir

3. How to see date?
A. Syntax: date
For new date: mm-dd-yyyy (04-25-2011)

4. How to see time?
A. Syntax: time
For new time: HH:MM:SS.MS (10:45:23.20)

5. How to create a directory?
A. Syntax: mkdir
Example: mkdir orbit

6. How to Change a Directory (how to enter into an directory)?
A. Syntax: cd
Example: cd orbit (D:\orbit>)

7. How to come back from the directory?
A. Syntax: cd..
Example: cd.. (D:\>)

8. How to copy a file?
A. Syntax: copy
Example: copy zubar d:\orbit

9. How to Delete a file?
A. Syntax: del
Example: del zubar

10. How to move a file?
A. Syntax: move
Example: move zubar d:\orbit

11. How to Clear the screen?
A. Syntax: cls
Example: cls

12. How to see content of a file?
A. Syntax: type
Example: type digital

13. How to Edit a file?
A. Syntax: edit
Example: edit digital (To Save Press Alt+F+S, To Exit Press Alt+X)

14. How to Delete a Directory.
A. Syntax: RD
Example: RD afroz

15. How to change color?
A. Syntax: color <0 to 9 and A - F>
Example: color 7c

16. How to Hide and Unhide a Directory?
A. Syntax: attrib
Example: attrib +h imran (for hide)
attrib -h imran (for unhide)

17. How to see an IP-Address?
A. Syntax: ipconfig

18. How to see an ipaddress and dns?
A. Syntax: ipconfig /all

19. How to communication between two systems?
A. Syntax: ping
Example: ping 10.1.1.1 or ping orbit6

20. How to format a drive(Memory Card or Pendrive)?
A. Syntax: format
Example: format H:

21. How to Starts a separate window to run a specified program.
A. Syntax: START

22. How to view Windows version.
A. Syntax: ver

23. How to view graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.
A. Syntax: tree

24. How to delete one or more file?
A. Syntax: erase
Example: erase book1 book2 book3 book4

25. How to rename a file or directory?
A1. Syntax: ren
Example: ren note hyd
A2. Syntax: ren
Example: ren imran waseem

26. How to see MAC(Media Access Controller) ID?
A. Syntax: getmac

27. How to check Host Name or Computer Name of a System?
A. Syntax: hostname